From Freedom’s Shadow — References & Acknowledgements

From Freedom's Shadow: African Americans & the United States Capitol

References, Acknowledgements & Suggested Reading

 

Exhibit Staff:

Curator: Felicia Bell

Project Manager: Donald R. Kennon

 

People:

William C. Allen
Bob Arnebeck
Lauren Borchard
Farar Elliott
Frances Tucci Farley
Randy Groves
Dr. Walter Hill
Mary Hughes
Margaret Hutto
Lucinda P. Janke
Dr. Robert Kapsch
Steven S. Lapham
Pamela Scott
Diane Skvarla
Dr. David Taft Terry
USCHS Interns
Diana Wailes
Dr. Eugene Walton
Dr. Barbara Wolanin

 

Sponsor:

 

Institutions:

Adler Display

Congressional Black Caucus

Corbis/Bettmann

Howard University, Department of History

Library of Congress

Maryland Historical Society

National Archives & Records Administration

National Council for the Social Studies

Office of the Architect of the Capitol

Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture

Smithsonian Institution

U. S. Capitol Police

U. S. House of Representatives Office of History & Preservation

U. S. Senate Historical Office

 

Suggested Readings:

Allen, William C. “Capitol Construction,” American Visions, Feb./Mar. 1995.

Allen, William C. The United States Capitol: A Brief Architectural History. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing, 2001.

Arnebeck, Bob. Through a Fiery Trial: Building Washington, 1790-1800. Lanham: Madison Books, 1991.

Clark-Lewis, Elizabeth. First Freed: Washington, D. C., in the Emancipation Era. Washington, D. C.: Howard University Press, 2002.

Clay, William L. Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress 1870-1991. New York: Amistad Press, Inc., 1992.

Conner, Jane Hollenbeck. Birthstone of the White House and Capitol. Virginia Beach: The Donning Company Publishers, 2005.

Harris, C. M., ed. Papers of William Thornton: Volume One, 1781-1802. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995.

Kapsch, Robert J. “Building Liberty’s Capital: Black Labor and the New Federal City,” American Visions, Feb./Mar. 1995.

Medford, Edna Greene. “’There was so many degrees in slavery’: Unfree Labor in an Upper South, Mixed Farming Community in the Antebellum Period,” Slavery and Abolition, 14 (August, 1993): 35-47.

Robinson, Randall. The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks. New York: Dutton, 2000.

Introduction & Location

Exploitation

Freedom

Emancipation & Representation

Segregation & Representation

Recognition

Support Civic Education in 2025

Join us in our mission to educate, inspire, and encourage informed civic participation. By becoming an annual member, your support funds vital programs such as the ‘We the People’ Constitution Tour for DC students, free resources and lesson plans for teachers, and our series engaging virtual and in-person public history events. Together, we will preserve Congress’s history and empower citizens to influence the future of our democracy.

Join Today!

Help preserve and share the history of democracy with a year-end donation! Join as a member today and enjoy unique benefits—all while contributing to our mission of preserving history and promoting civic education.

Donations received by midnight tonight or checks postmarked on or before December 31, 2024, will be applied to the 2024 tax year.